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Glossary

What are CSS custom properties?

CSS custom properties (CSS variables) store reusable values in your stylesheet. Define brand colors once, use them everywhere — with runtime theming support.

Definition

CSS custom properties (commonly called CSS variables) are entities defined by CSS authors that contain specific values to be reused throughout a document. They follow the `--property-name: value` syntax and are accessed via `var(--property-name)`.

How it works

CSS variables are the most universal way to encode a design system. Unlike Sass variables, they're live in the browser — you can change them at runtime for dark mode, theme switching, or user preferences. Define `--color-primary: #6366F1` on `:root`, and every element referencing `var(--color-primary)` updates instantly. They work with any framework, any build tool, any CSS approach.

Why it matters

CSS variables are framework-agnostic. Whether you use Tailwind, plain CSS, Vue, React, or vanilla HTML, CSS variables work everywhere. They're also the foundation for dark mode: swap a few variables on `[data-theme='dark']` and the entire UI transforms. They're the lowest-common-denominator of design systems — and that's a feature.

Example

:root {
  --color-primary: #6366F1;
  --color-accent: #F59E0B;
  --font-sans: 'Inter', sans-serif;
  --radius-md: 0.5rem;
}
[data-theme='dark'] {
  --color-primary: #818CF8;
}

Learn more

CSS variables feature

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Works with CSS Variables

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Related terms

Design TokensTailwind ConfigDark Mode

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